Most Canon photo cameras are shipped with the Canon Digital Photo Professional software. This program has all the ICC Color Profiles for the different types of Canon cameras. All we have to do is find out which profile is used for each camera type.
How to find the correct ICC profiles
I first described this method in this discussion. To find the correct color profiles for your camera, you must first install Canon Digital Photo Professional. You also need a file monitoring application. I used Filemon but you will probably use its successor Process Monitor
- start Process Monitor
- start Canon Digital Photo Professional (DPP)
- See in Process Monitor what files are opened by DPP
- Now open a raw file from your camera in DPP
- See in Process Monitor what ICC files are opened. These are the profiles DPP uses for your camera.
- Now change the picture style in DPP and see what other profiles are used.
- Find the files and use them with UFRaw with Gamma=0.45, Linearity=0.10
ICC Profiles for various Canon cameras
The profile names all have the following form:
- 6131_F.ICC for Faithful Picture Style
- 6131_L.ICC for Landscape Picture Style
- 6131_N.ICC for Neutral Picture Style
- 6131_P.ICC for Portrait Picture Style
- 6131_S.ICC for Standard Picture Style
Where the first four digits are different for the different camera types. 6131 as used above is the profile number for a Canon 400D. The next table shows the profile number for various Canon cameras.
| Camera type | number |
|---|---|
| Canon 1D mark II | 6051 ? |
| Canon 1D mark II N | 6111 ? |
| Canon 1Ds | 6021 ? |
| Canon 1Ds mark II | 6081 ? |
| Canon 5D | 6091 |
| Canon 10D | 6031 |
| Canon 20D | 6061 |
| Canon 30D | 6112 |
| Canon 300D | 6031 |
| Canon 350D | 6111 or 6071 ? |
| Canon 400D | 6131 |
Note: The numbers that have not been confirmed have been marked with a ‘?’. So the standard ICC Color Profile for a Canon 300D is 6031_S.ICC and for a Canon 5D it is 6091_S.ICC.
Links
- HOWTO: Use UFRaw with Canon SLR
- Forum discussion with a list of canon camera’s and profile numbers.
This info is not up to date for recent camera models or recent versions of DPP. So if you have some information of recent camera’s please leave a response.
Create your own ICC profile
You can always create your own ICC profile. Here you’ll find a description by Pascal de Bruijn.
Hi,
I tested it now with EOS 500D and I saw that 6211 and 6000th ICC was used.
Kind regards.
Sergej
For the 500D, ProcessMonitor shows both 6000.1cc and 6211_ss.icc being used for the Standard Picture Style. I think this means it’s using a base color model, together with a specific style model.
It’s hard to see how this can be used in ufraw, or anywhere else!
sean
The profile number actually comes from the model number on the camera. Just look on the bottom of the camera for the number. For example:
EOS-10D DS6031
EOS-20D DS126061
EOS-5D2 DS126201
The last four digits are used in the ICC profile names.
I am puzzled!
I have a 5D and a 50D. The model numbers are 6091 and 6211.
I then serched the icc files in the CDROM (actually the same CDROM for both cameras, plus the cdrom of my daughter’s camera (a powershot G10 which have approximatively the same age as the 5D).
I did not find any icc file with the good number: closest numbers are, respectively, 6081 and 6201.
I tried 6081 profiles with 5D images and the result is pretty good, actually far better than without profiles.
I find it doubtful that Canon use such a cryptic algorithm for hinding ICC profiles, ie model number minus 10!
Any explanation will be welcome
regards
Roland
Hi, I come back with new tests.
I have used Process Monitor, with a simple filter (Process name begins with DPP & Path ends with icc).
It is quite interesting but not easily understandable:
1- with 5D images, DPP does not use any numbered icc files but only XY.icc files where X stands for the picture style (L,N,S, etc.) and Y stands for the Color Space (a for Adobe and s for sRGB).
Each time the corresponding parameter is switched in DPP, the corresponding file is loaded.
2- with 50D images, this is exactly the same thing, except that 6201-XY.icc files are used instead. However, these files are always used in conjunction with another one, 6000.icc
3- I also tried with 350D images and the 6071-X.icc files are used.
(I made a mistake in my previous comment: the 5D cdrom is the same as the 350D cdrom, and the 50D cdrom is much more recent. Moreover all these icc files are not in the original 350D/5D cdrom)
Note that the colorspace letter (Y=a or s) does not depend on the colorspace of the input image, but only on the DPP color workspace.
Should I understand that the camera colorspace is not used for RAW files but only for JPG files?
Anyway, I don’t understand the role of these icc profiles and how they should be used with UFRaw. If you have any explanation, I would be happy.
Happy new year and best wishes
Roland
I recently bought a 7D. The last 4 digits of the model number are 6251. But on the Canon EOS Digital Solution Disk v21.0, there is no such profile.
The available (pro)files in SOFTWARE/DPPLIB/COMMON/DATA.CAB are:
File size | Date Time | Name
———–+———————+————-
2138112 | 03.08.2009 14:38:42 | DPPDLL.dll
1781760 | 03.08.2009 15:32:54 | DPPRSC.dll
143360 | 15.04.2009 11:34:36 | Mlib.dll
745549 | 12.10.2006 00:00:00 | Ucs32P.dll
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:06 | 1001_F.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:06 | 1001_faf.ICC
216472 | 10.03.2008 18:52:06 | 1001_L.ICC
216432 | 10.03.2008 18:52:06 | 1001_lnd.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:06 | 1001_N.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:06 | 1001_ntl.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:06 | 1001_P.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:06 | 1001_ptr.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:06 | 1001_S.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1001_std.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1011_F.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1011_faf.ICC
216472 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1011_L.ICC
216432 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1011_lnd.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1011_N.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1011_ntl.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1011_P.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1011_ptr.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1011_S.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1011_std.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1021_F.ICC
216488 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1021_fa.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1021_faf.ICC
216468 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1021_L.ICC
216432 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1021_lnd.ICC
216460 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1021_N.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1021_ntl.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1021_P.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1021_ptr.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1021_S.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 1021_std.ICC
2492 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6000.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6001_F.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6001_faf.ICC
216468 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6001_L.ICC
216432 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6001_lnd.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6001_ntl.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6001_P.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6001_ptr.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6001_S.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6001_std.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6011_F.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6011_faf.ICC
216468 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6011_L.ICC
216432 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6011_lnd.ICC
216460 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6011_N.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6011_ntl.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6011_P.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6011_ptr.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6011_std.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6021_F.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6021_faf.ICC
216468 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6021_L.ICC
216432 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6021_lnd.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6021_ntl.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6021_P.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6021_ptr.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6021_S.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6021_std.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6031_F.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6031_faf.ICC
216468 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6031_L.ICC
216432 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6031_lnd.ICC
216460 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6031_N.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6031_ntl.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6031_P.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6031_ptr.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6031_std.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6041_F.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6041_faf.ICC
216468 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6041_L.ICC
216432 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6041_lnd.ICC
216460 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6041_N.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6041_ntl.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6041_P.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6041_ptr.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6041_std.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6051_F.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6051_faf.ICC
216468 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6051_L.ICC
216432 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6051_lnd.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6051_ntl.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6051_P.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6051_ptr.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6051_S.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6051_std.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6061_F.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6061_faf.ICC
216468 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6061_L.ICC
216432 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6061_lnd.ICC
216460 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6061_N.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6061_ntl.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6061_P.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6061_ptr.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6061_std.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6071_F.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6071_faf.ICC
216468 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6071_L.ICC
216432 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6071_lnd.ICC
216460 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6071_N.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6071_ntl.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6071_P.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6071_ptr.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6071_std.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6081_F.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6081_faf.ICC
216468 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6081_L.ICC
216432 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6081_lnd.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6081_ntl.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6081_P.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6081_ptr.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6081_S.ICC
216456 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6081_std.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6101_faf.ICC
216428 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6101_lnd.ICC
216420 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6101_ntl.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6101_ptr.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6101_std.ICC
216448 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6171_PA.ICC
216432 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6171_PS.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6171_ptra.ICC
216448 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6171_ptrs.ICC
216448 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6181_FA.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6181_fafa.ICC
216448 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6181_fafs.ICC
216432 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6181_FS.ICC
216440 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6181_NA.ICC
216456 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6181_ntla.ICC
216448 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6181_PA.ICC
216432 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6181_PS.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6181_ptra.ICC
216448 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6181_ptrs.ICC
216448 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6181_SA.ICC
216464 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6181_stda.ICC
216448 | 30.09.2008 16:12:04 | 6191_FA.ICC
216464 | 02.09.2008 08:53:48 | 6191_fafa.ICC
216448 | 02.09.2008 08:53:48 | 6191_fafs.ICC
216432 | 02.09.2008 08:53:48 | 6191_FS.ICC
216448 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | 6191_LA.ICC
2492 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6191_lnda.ICC
2492 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6191_lnds.ICC
216432 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | 6191_LS.ICC
216440 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | 6191_NA.ICC
216424 | 04.07.2008 16:43:00 | 6191_NS.ICC
2492 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | 6191_ntla.ICC
216440 | 04.07.2008 16:43:00 | 6191_ntls.ICC
216448 | 02.09.2008 08:53:48 | 6191_PA.ICC
216432 | 02.09.2008 08:53:48 | 6191_PS.ICC
216464 | 02.09.2008 08:53:48 | 6191_ptra.ICC
216448 | 02.09.2008 08:53:48 | 6191_ptrs.ICC
216448 | 02.09.2008 08:53:48 | 6191_SA.ICC
216432 | 02.09.2008 08:53:48 | 6191_SS.ICC
216464 | 02.09.2008 08:53:48 | 6191_stda.ICC
216448 | 02.09.2008 08:53:48 | 6191_stds.ICC
216448 | 17.07.2008 16:24:42 | 6201_FA.ICC
216464 | 03.07.2008 17:03:32 | 6201_fafa.ICC
216448 | 03.07.2008 17:05:32 | 6201_fafs.ICC
216432 | 03.07.2008 17:07:28 | 6201_FS.ICC
216448 | 19.05.2008 15:55:12 | 6201_LA.ICC
216464 | 19.05.2008 15:58:50 | 6201_lnda.ICC
216448 | 19.05.2008 15:59:26 | 6201_lnds.ICC
216432 | 19.05.2008 16:03:52 | 6201_LS.ICC
216440 | 03.07.2008 17:08:38 | 6201_NA.ICC
216424 | 03.07.2008 17:10:26 | 6201_NS.ICC
216456 | 03.07.2008 17:12:52 | 6201_ntla.ICC
216440 | 03.07.2008 17:13:58 | 6201_ntls.ICC
216448 | 19.05.2008 15:56:18 | 6201_PA.ICC
216432 | 19.05.2008 15:56:46 | 6201_PS.ICC
216464 | 19.05.2008 16:00:00 | 6201_ptra.ICC
216448 | 19.05.2008 16:00:28 | 6201_ptrs.ICC
216448 | 03.07.2008 17:14:54 | 6201_SA.ICC
216432 | 03.07.2008 17:15:54 | 6201_SS.ICC
216464 | 03.07.2008 17:16:58 | 6201_stda.ICC
216448 | 03.07.2008 17:17:48 | 6201_stds.ICC
216448 | 27.12.2008 18:07:54 | 6211_FA.ICC
216464 | 27.12.2008 18:08:56 | 6211_fafa.ICC
216448 | 27.12.2008 17:50:28 | 6211_fafs.ICC
216432 | 27.12.2008 17:49:30 | 6211_FS.ICC
216448 | 26.12.2008 10:07:42 | 6211_LA.ICC
216464 | 26.12.2008 10:08:54 | 6211_lnda.ICC
216448 | 26.12.2008 08:53:28 | 6211_lnds.ICC
216432 | 26.12.2008 08:52:08 | 6211_LS.ICC
216440 | 26.12.2008 13:41:46 | 6211_NA.ICC
216424 | 26.12.2008 11:56:04 | 6211_NS.ICC
216456 | 26.12.2008 13:42:40 | 6211_ntla.ICC
216440 | 27.12.2008 18:13:12 | 6211_ntls.ICC
216448 | 18.12.2008 17:11:04 | 6211_PA.ICC
216432 | 18.12.2008 16:38:16 | 6211_PS.ICC
216464 | 27.12.2008 18:14:20 | 6211_ptra.ICC
216448 | 27.12.2008 18:15:20 | 6211_ptrs.ICC
216448 | 18.12.2008 16:02:06 | 6211_SA.ICC
216432 | 18.12.2008 15:15:22 | 6211_SS.ICC
216464 | 18.12.2008 16:03:12 | 6211_stda.ICC
216448 | 18.12.2008 15:22:06 | 6211_stds.ICC
560 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | AdobeRGB.icc
552 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | AppleRGB.icc
1124808 | 10.03.2008 18:52:08 | CNZEU1A1.icc
1124808 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | CNZEU2A1.icc
1124808 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | CNZEU3A1.icc
1124808 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | CNZEU4A1.icc
1124808 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | CNZEU5A1.icc
1124808 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | CNZJM1A1.icc
1124808 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | CNZJM2A1.icc
1124808 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | CNZJM3A1.icc
1124808 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | CNZJM4A1.icc
1124808 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | CNZJM5A1.icc
1124808 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | CNZJP1C1.icc
1124808 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | CNZJP2C1.icc
1124808 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | CNZJP3C1.icc
1124808 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | CNZJP4C1.icc
1124808 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | CNZJP5C1.icc
1124808 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | CNZUS1A1.icc
1124808 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | CNZUS2A1.icc
1124808 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | CNZUS3A1.icc
1124808 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | CNZUS4A1.icc
1124808 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | CNZUS5A1.icc
560 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | ColorMatchRGB.icc
216448 | 30.09.2008 15:58:28 | FA.ICC
216432 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | FS.ICC
216448 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | LA.ICC
216432 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | LS.ICC
216440 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | NA.ICC
216424 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | NS.ICC
216448 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | PA.ICC
216432 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | PS.ICC
216448 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | SA.ICC
3140 | 31.03.2008 11:11:10 | sRGB Profile.icc
3140 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | sRGB Color Space Profile.icm
216432 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | SS.ICC
560 | 10.03.2008 18:52:10 | WideGamutRGB.icc
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6221_FA.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6221_fafa.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6221_fafs.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6221_FS.BIN
332 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6221_LA.BIN
332 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6221_lnda.BIN
332 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6221_lnds.BIN
332 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6221_LS.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6221_NA.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6221_NS.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6221_ntla.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6221_ntls.BIN
400 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6221_PA.BIN
400 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6221_PS.BIN
400 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6221_ptra.BIN
400 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6221_ptrs.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6221_SA.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6221_SS.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6221_stda.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6221_stds.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6231_FA.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6231_fafa.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6231_fafs.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6231_FS.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6231_LA.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6231_lnda.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6231_lnds.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6231_LS.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6231_NA.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6231_NS.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6231_ntla.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6231_ntls.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6231_PA.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6231_PS.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6231_ptra.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6231_ptrs.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6231_SA.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6231_SS.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6231_stda.BIN
264 | 12.06.2009 14:02:48 | 6231_stds.BIN
I cannot try DPP with Process Monitor at the moment since DPP doesn’t run on Windows 2000 anymore.
Great Post. I add this post to my bookmarks.